Overview
Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is an inorganic compound commonly used in industrial and laboratory applications. It appears as a white, crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. The ACS (American Chemical Society) grade ensures its high purity, making it suitable for scientific research and various industrial processes.
Chemical Properties
Molecular Structure and Composition
– Chemical Formula: NH₄Cl
– Molecular Weight: 53.49 g/mol
– CAS Number: 12125-02-9
– Appearance: White, odorless crystalline powder
– Solubility: Highly soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol
– Sublimation Point: 338°C
Industrial Applications
Metal Processing
Ammonium chloride is widely used as a flux in metalworking. It helps remove oxidation from metal surfaces, ensuring cleaner and stronger soldering or galvanization processes.
Electronics and Batteries
It is a crucial component in zinc-carbon batteries, where it serves as an electrolyte to facilitate ion transfer and improve conductivity.
Textile and Leather Industry
– Used in dyeing and printing processes to enhance color fixation.
– Applied in leather tanning for deliming and pH adjustment.
Fertilizers and Agriculture
Ammonium chloride serves as a nitrogen source in some fertilizers, supporting plant growth in specific soil conditions.
Laboratory Uses
Buffer Solutions
It is a key component in buffer solutions used in various chemical and biochemical applications to maintain pH stability.
Analytical Chemistry
Ammonium chloride is used as a reagent in qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis.
Gas Production
When reacted with strong bases like sodium hydroxide, it releases ammonia gas, useful in industrial and research settings.
Safety and Handling
Storage Recommendations
– Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
– Keep away from strong acids, bases, and moisture.
Health and Safety Precautions
– Inhalation: May cause respiratory irritation; use proper ventilation.
– Skin Contact: Can cause mild irritation; wear protective gloves.
– Eye Contact: May cause irritation; use safety goggles.
– Ingestion: Avoid accidental ingestion; seek medical attention if consumed.
Environmental Considerations
Ammonium chloride should be disposed of in compliance with local regulations. Large releases into the environment should be avoided to prevent contamination of water bodies and soil.
Conclusion
Ammonium chloride is a versatile compound with significant applications in metal processing, batteries, textiles, agriculture, and laboratories. Proper handling and storage are essential to ensure safety and effectiveness in its various uses.